Iskra ( The Spark)

Aim :   To amend the Constitution of India to give effect to the acquiring of territories by India and transfer of certain territories to Bangladesh in pursuance of the agreement and its protocol entered into between the Governments of India and Bangladesh. To solve the problem of enclave between India – East Pakistan since independence. What is mean by Enclave? Enclave is the Area of the state Lie in the power of another state. A case of Bangadesh enclave is complex let’s understand through Dadra and nagar haveli example , D&N haveli was Enclave of Portugal up to 1954 . It is under the rule of Portuguese but surrounded by Indian territory from all the sides . Types of enclave :- There are mainly 3 types of enclave :- Here in figure C is 1 st order , D is 2 nd order and E is third order enclave . Dahala Khagrabari in District kooch bihar , West Bengal Is the only 3 rd order enclave in world Hitoritical background about India – Ba...

(a) Annual Financial Statement Under Article 112 of the Constitution, a statement of estimated receipts and expenditure of the Government of India has to be laid before Parliament in respect of every financial year which runs from 1 st April to 31 st March. Annual Financial Statement is the main Budget document and is commonly referred to as the Budget Statement. (b) Demands for Grants The estimates of expenditure from the Consolidated Fund included in the Budget Statements and required to be voted by the Lok Sabha are submitted in the form of Demands for Grants.Normally a separate demand is required to be presented for each of the major services under the control of a Ministry/Department.Each demand normally includes the total provisions required for a service, that is, provisions on account of revenue expenditure, capital expenditure, grants to States and Union Territories and also loans and advances relating to that service. Estimates expenditure included in ...