Iskra ( The Spark)

Aim :   To amend the Constitution of India to give effect to the acquiring of territories by India and transfer of certain territories to Bangladesh in pursuance of the agreement and its protocol entered into between the Governments of India and Bangladesh. To solve the problem of enclave between India – East Pakistan since independence. What is mean by Enclave? Enclave is the Area of the state Lie in the power of another state. A case of Bangadesh enclave is complex let’s understand through Dadra and nagar haveli example , D&N haveli was Enclave of Portugal up to 1954 . It is under the rule of Portuguese but surrounded by Indian territory from all the sides . Types of enclave :- There are mainly 3 types of enclave :- Here in figure C is 1 st order , D is 2 nd order and E is third order enclave . Dahala Khagrabari in District kooch bihar , West Bengal Is the only 3 rd order enclave in world Hitoritical background about India – Ba...

  The direction in the judgment dated 27th September, 2013 of the Hon’ble Supreme Court is to provide a NOTA option on the EVM and ballot papers so that the electors who do not want to vote for any of the candidates can exercise their option in secrecy. Voting related Act and articles : 1.) Article 19(1)(a)   - Freedom of expression 2.) Representation of peoples act – 79(d) – Right not to vote 3.) Representation of peoples act – - 128 - Maintenance of secrecy of voting 4.) Election rule 49 M deal with the secrecy of voting 5.) Election rule 49 O – not to vote What is the problem in current procedure ? In case of ballot paper : A voter can use his right of “ Note to vote”   by dropping ballot paper without mark of any one party or candidate in drop box with secrecy But in case of EVM , A voter need to fill up a from 17A and put signature on it and submitted to presiding officer and in doing so , the secrecy of voting no longer stay at place. What...

Objectives :- 1.) Articulate our concerns, understanding, priorities for action as well as directed efforts. 2.) Provide confidence and reasonable assurance to all stakeholders in the country (Government, business, industry and general public) and global community, about the safety, resiliency and security of cyber space. 3.) Adopt a suitable posturing that can signal our resolve to make determined efforts to effectively monitor, deter & deal with cyber crime and cyber attacks. Features :- 1.) A National and sectoral 24X7 mechanism has been envisaged to deal with cyber threats through National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC).  2.) Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) has been designated to act as a nodal agency for coordination of crisis management efforts. 3.) emphasized is the promotion of research and development in cyber security. Research and development of trustworthy systems and their testing, collaboration with i...

The treat of terrorism since cold war era , terror attack on cities , tourist places and relegios place well known to all , Government agency took steps to control them   and they might can this conventional treat but limitation came when unconventional treat Cyber terrorism is unconventional threat. Definition :- 'Cyber terrorism is the convergence of terrorism and cyber space. It is generally understood to mean unlawful attacks and threats of attacks against computers, networks, and information stored therein when done to intimidate or coerce a government or its people in furtherance of political or social objectives, Further, to qualify as cyber terrorism, an attack should result in violence against persons or property or at reast cause enough harm to generate fear, Attacks that lead to death or bodily injury, explosions, plane crashes, water contamination or severe economic loss would be examples. Serious attacks against critical infrastructures could be acts of cyb...