Iskra ( The Spark)

The Constitution of India not only grants equality to women but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women for neutralizing the cumulative socio economic, education and political disadvantages faced by them. Fundamental Rights, among others, ensure equality before the law and equal protection of law; prohibits discrimination against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth, and guarantee equality of opportunity to all citizens in matters relating to employment.   Articles 14, 15, 15(3), 16, 39(a), 39(b), 39(c) and 42 of the Constitution are of specific importance in this regard.   (i)     Equality before law for women (Article 14) (ii)             The State not to discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex , place of   birth or any of them (Article 15 (i)) (iii)  ...

The Bill aims to protect the livelihood rights of street vendors as well as regulate street vending in urban areas across the country. It does not apply to land, premises and trains owned or controlled by the Railways under the Railways Act, 1989. Registration and issue of vending certificate to Street Vendors • Any person (above the age of 14 years) intending to undertake any street vending activity may register with the Town Vending Committee (TVC) which may be constituted in each local authority. • Any registered person may apply to the TVC for a vending certificate. The criteria on the basis of which vending certificates will be issued shall be specified in the street vending scheme developed by the state government. The criteria may include preference for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs), minorities, women and disabled persons. The TVC may charge a vending fee. • Only those persons with a vending certificate are permi...

The Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Bill, passed by Lok Sabha on September 6, 2013, is a landmark piece of legislation for the urban poor. >> It does not apply to land, premises and trains owned or controlled by the Railways under the Railways Act, 1989. >>  Police harass vendors and take haptas from vendor on the name of  :- IPC 283 - danger or obstruction in public way IPC 431 - mischief by injuries to roads, bridges, tunnels >> In 1989, the Supreme Court held that street vendors have a fundamental right to carry on their trade or business subject to regulation and reasonable restrictions.2 >> The impetus came with a Supreme Court judgment passed in October 2010 — Gainda Ram and Ors vs MCD. The court directed the "authorities" to frame adequate laws by July 2011 to protect and regulate street vending. Who is authority ? State / Center ? A debate ensued on what the competent ...

By   the middle of nineteenth Century most of India was controlled by the British, either directly by the East India Company or through the system of treaties and alliances with the Princely States. During this period certain measures of constitutional reforms were introduced. During the reign of Warren Hastings, the Regulating Act (1773) and Pitts India Act (1784) were passed. Regulating Act (1773):   The Regulating Act initiated the process of centralization in India. By 1773 the East India Company was in dire financial straits and asked for assistance from the British Government. Faced with corruption and nepotism amongst the company officials in India, the British Government enacted the Regulating Act in 1773 to control the activities of the Company 1. The Governor of Bengal was made the Governor General. The first man to be appointed to this post was Warren Hastings . 2. For the assistance of the Governor General an executive Council of four members was c...